Density Calculator
Calculate density, mass, and volume using the fundamental formula D = M/V with unit conversions and material comparisons
Calculation Mode
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Input Values
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Common Material Densities
Reference densities for common materials
Water (4°C)1 g/cm³
Ice0.92 g/cm³
Aluminum2.7 g/cm³
Iron7.87 g/cm³
Copper8.96 g/cm³
Lead11.34 g/cm³
Gold19.32 g/cm³
Mercury13.53 g/cm³
Air (STP)0.00129 g/cm³
Ethanol0.789 g/cm³
Gasoline0.68 g/cm³
Oil (Motor)0.85 g/cm³
Density Formula & Information
Basic Formula
D = M / V
Density = Mass ÷ Volume
Derived Formulas
M = D × V (Mass = Density × Volume)
V = M ÷ D (Volume = Mass ÷ Density)
SG = Dsubstance ÷ Dwater (Specific Gravity)
Key Concepts
• Density is mass per unit volume - how much matter is packed into a space
• Specific gravity compares a substance's density to water (1 g/cm³)
• Materials with SG > 1 sink in water, SG < 1 float
• Temperature affects density - most materials expand when heated