Big Number Calculator
Perform arithmetic operations on very large numbers that exceed standard calculator limits using arbitrary precision arithmetic with detailed explanations.
Big Number Operations
Calculate with numbers of unlimited size and precision
Supports integers, decimals, and scientific notation
Arbitrary Precision Arithmetic
What is Arbitrary Precision?
Arbitrary precision arithmetic allows calculations with numbers of unlimited size and precision, unlike standard floating-point arithmetic which has fixed limits. It's essential for applications requiring exact results with very large or very precise numbers.
JavaScript's Number Limitations
Maximum Safe Integer: 2^53 - 1 = 9,007,199,254,740,991
Maximum Float: ~1.8 × 10^308
Precision Loss: Occurs with numbers larger than safe integer
BigInt Solution: Handles arbitrarily large integers exactly
When to Use Big Numbers
- Cryptography and security calculations
- Financial calculations requiring exact precision
- Scientific computing with very large or small numbers
- Mathematical research and number theory
- Factorial calculations for large numbers
Performance Considerations
Speed: Big number operations are slower than native arithmetic
Memory: Large numbers require more memory storage
Complexity: Time complexity increases with number size
Trade-off: Accuracy vs. performance